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Collective bargaining is the process of negotiation between representative of firms & workers for the purpose of establishing mutually agreeable condition of employment. The wage and fringe benefit of unionized workers are determined by collective bargaining.

In every free modern industrial society, trade unions are an accepted part of the industrial scene. Labour unions are complex organizations, with various desires and goals. Some of these goals are purely economic, for example, favorable wage settlements and levels of employment. In addition, some of the things unions desire are non-monetary, although still ‘economic’ in the sense of having identifiable and quantifiable cost to the employer. Among this second group would fall various fringe benefits – for example, contribution to pension funds, hospitilization programmes, paid holyday and so on. A third category union goals might be called indirect economic goal, in that their long-run effect is indirectly intended to be economic improvement of the union member. This category includes control over labour supply through apprenticeship regulation, union shop provision, restrictive working rules, and so on. Finally we may speak of some non-economic goals of unions, the goals of a social or political nature.

The  lecture  is  still  the  most  frequently  used method   of   instruction.   However,   presenting   a lecture without pausing for interaction with trainees can be ineffective regardless of your skill as a speaker. The use of pauses during the lecture for direct oral questioning creates interaction between instructor and trainee.

Unfortunately, when classes  are  large,  the  instructor  cannot possibly interact with all trainees on each point. The learning effectiveness of the lecture method has been questioned because of the lack of interaction;  but  it  continues  as  a  means  of  reaching a  large  group  at  one  time  with  a  condensed, organized  body  of  information.  Providing  trainees with   lesson   objectives   before   the   lecture   will enable  them  to  listen  more  effectively.  It  will  help them to take concise, brief notes concerning the objectives  rather  than  writing  feverishly  through- out the lecture. We  discuss  the  lecture  method  first  because the techniques involved serve as the basis for other methods of training. Those techniques apply not only  to  lectures,  but  to  many  other  kinds  of presentations in which oral explanations play a secondary,  but  important,  role.  Every  method depends on oral instruction to give information, to arouse attention and interest, and to develop receptive  attitudes  on  the  part  of  the  trainees.

You will often find that many people confuse marketing with advertising or vice versa. While both components are important they are very different. Knowing the difference and doing your market research can put your company on the path to substantial growth.
Let’s start off by reviewing the formal definitions of each and then I’ll go into the explanation of how marketing and advertising differ from one another:

In the business scene, physical contact does matter.  The commonly accepted physical form of greeting…

Two dimensions of personality discussed by Broadbent (1958) as important sources of variation in performance were introversion-extraversion and stability-neuroticism. Extraversion was associated with decrements in performance over time and neuroticism was associated with greater decrements following stress. Although it is tempting to propose a single model to account for these effects, what has become clear is that the effects of personality upon performance require multiple levels of explanation. The broad dimensions of personality that are consistently identified from investigator to investigator and shown to be important in different cultures and different times affect behavior in many different ways.

The concept of industrial relations has a wide meaning. The expression industrial relations by itself…

Government action in support of globalization has to rely on policy planning and delivery services provided by the public sector. This sector has to be restructured to meet the demands of, or overcome problems arising from, globalization (eg, demands from MNC’s and domestic firms for less “red tape”;